ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of entrepreneurial universities and the provision of entrepreneurship education in Turkey. It does so via a 10.67 response rate questionnaire survey of all 206 universities in Turkey, conducted online in August 2020. The results revealed that those Turkish HEIs that responded (i) have a good understanding of what Entrepreneurial universities are and are in the transformation process, (ii) are involved in entrepreneurial activities to deal with the COVID-19 crisis, (iii) have or expect to have financial challenges as a result of the pandemic and believe that entrepreneurship is one of the key factors to survive in the market, and (iv) are fully supporting online education as a result of the COVID-19 crises, though much needs to be done to improve the current performance. Thus, this study addresses a critical gap in the body of understanding on the impact of the pandemic and suggests that it might be creating the conditions that will encourage Turkish universities to become more entrepreneurial. This has relevance for policymakers, university managers, entrepreneurship academics, and industry. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background/AimsAt the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, shielding guidance was issuedby Public Health England with a risk stratification guide developed bythe BSR to assist with patient identification. At BTHFT we benefitedwith all GP practices in the region using TPP SystmOne (S1) formedical records. We describe how we used S1 to help identify highrisk patients under our care.MethodsWe did not appreciate the full extent we could use S1 to identifypatients in our initial shielding identification process. As such, wereviewed notes of patients on biologic prescriptions and SC MTX fromHomecare prescription lists. To capture patients on high doseprednisolone, we identified patients with a recent diagnosis of GCAand patients with recent prescriptions of > 20mg prednisolone throughpharmacy records. On recognising the ability of S1 to identify patientsthat had glucocorticoid exposure through primary care and/or oncDMARDS we used S1 reporting mechanisms to identify thesepatients. Clinical record sharing enabled BTHFT's rheumatologydepartment to access S1 for all patients under their care. S1's clinicalreporting function was used to search for patients within at least one ofthe following cohorts before being combined in a single cohort of 'atrisk' patients (heart, lung or kidney disease, 70 years, diabetes orhypertension [including pulmonary artery hypertension]). Reports werecreated for patients on any DMARD issued within primary care withinthe previous 12 weeks. High dose steroid use was more challenging todemonstrate, but a report was devised to include all patients with anissued prescription for prednisolone 5mg tablets within the preceding8 weeks (for any reason). An additional report was created for patientswith a rheumatological diagnosis co-existing with an interstitial lungdisease. Using S1's report joining function, the different drugs and 'atrisk' cohorts were combined to provide an accurate list of patients withfeatures increasing their vulnerability to COVID-19. This list was easilymodifiable and searches were re-run to update lists once inclusion onthe shielding list was updated.ResultsPatients meeting the criteria for shielding were then advised in writingincluding signposting to BTHFT's rheumatology website and helplinefor further information if required. By searching for all prednisoloneprescriptions, this would have included patients given prednisolone forother reasons. 5mg tablet strength ensured patients on low dose wereexcluded, but we recognise some patients were likely over-recruitedinto this cohort.ConclusionWe can update our searching methods to easily include patients onbiologics and SC MTX by some additional bulk coding in preparationfor future shielding specifications thereby bypassing the need toreview individual notes for patients. We were able to achieve anaccurate shielding list in a relatively short space of time to reducepatient risk.